Sodium is a mineral that is essential for muscle and nerve activity, fluid balance and acid-base balance in the body. However, most of us are consuming much more sodium than we actually need. For most people, consuming sodium will increase blood pressure. A consistently high blood pressure (also called hypertension) increases the risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure and kidney disease.

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2005, healthy adults should aim to eat less than 2,300 milligrams of sodium a day. This is equivalent to approximately one teaspoon of salt. This can be difficult to achieve, especially when you consider the amount of sodium that is already added to the foods that we eat. It is estimated that approximately 75% of the sodium that we consume is added to foods by manufacturers. For this reason, it is important to read the Nutrition Facts Label on the food package.

Suggestions for reducing sodium intake, include preparing foods with little salt, reading food labels, and purchasing brands that have a low sodium content.

In addition to reducing sodium intake, it is also important to eat plenty of fruits and vegetables that are high in potassium to help counteract the effect of salt on blood pressure. Other strategies for preventing or lowering high blood pressure include increasing physical activity, eating an overall healthy diet and maintaining a healthy body weight.

Individuals with hypertension should discuss strategies for lowering blood pressure with a doctor or other healthcare professional.